Future Methods In Salesforce Apex

The future method is a part of asynchronous Apex.
A future method runs in the background, asynchronously.
You can call a future method for executing long-running operations, such as callouts to external Web services or any operation you’d like to run in its own thread, on its own time.
future methods can also be used to avoid mixed DML errors.
Future methods provide the benefits of not blocking the users from performing other operations and providing higher governor and execution limits for the processes.

Future method syntax:

Use @future annotation before method declaration.
Future methods must be static methods, and can only return a void type.
The specified parameters must be primitive data types, arrays of primitive data types, or collections of primitive data types.
Future methods can’t take standard or custom objects as arguments.
A common pattern is to pass the method a list of record IDs that you want to process asynchronously.
You can invoke future methods the same way you invoke any other method. However, a future method can’t invoke another future method.
Within the transaction, we can call 50 future methods

Drawbacks In Future method

In an apex method when you try to perform DML operations on both setup and non-setup objects, then it throws a Mixed DML Exception.

Setup Object:-

Non Setup Object:-

Example How to Avoid Mixed DML Error

For more details please refer to the official link

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